P4 sebagai Instrumen Komunikasi Persuasif Negara pada Masa Orde Baru: Analisis Wacana Kritis terhadap TAP MPR No. II/MPR/1978

Abstract

This study examines how the Guidelines for the Appreciation and Practice of Pancasila (P4), enacted through MPR Decree No. II/MPR/1978, constructed the New Order state’s persuasive message. Using a qualitative design and Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional critical discourse analysis, the study analyzed the full decree and its annex as primary data, supported by historical studies of P4 implementation. At the textual level, the document relies less on explicit commands than on naturalization: normative expectations are written as declarative descriptions of what “manusia Indonesia” does, a collective ideal subject is repeatedly invoked, and Pancasila is framed through holistic and sacralizing terms such as “bulat dan utuh”, harmony, and self-restraint. Explicit obligation appears mainly where consensus decisions must be accepted and implemented. At the level of discourse practice, the decree blends legal and moral genres; its disclaimer that it is not an interpretation of Pancasila coexists with its designation as a guide for every citizen and state institution, while its dissemination is assigned to the President, a mandate later institutionalized through BP-7 and nationwide penataran. At the sociocultural level, these strategies align with the New Order’s pursuit of stability, development, and ideological uniformity. The study concludes that P4 functioned as persuasion backed by institutional authority, combining consent-building with the state’s monopoly over the meaning of Pancasila. As a text-based study, it does not measure persuasive effects or public reception.